Triple-negative breast cancer, an outlier

The term "triple-negative" refers to the absence of three major receptors on the cancer cells: estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and the HER2 protein. As a result, this form of breast cancer does not grow under the influence of estrogen or progesterone, nor is TNBC susceptible to HER2-targeted therapy. As a result, classic treatments such as hormone therapy and HER2 inhibitors fall by the wayside. This makes TNBC more difficult to treat. It requires a different therapeutic approach.

Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy also form the basis in TNBC, but in addition, immunotherapy and combination therapies can sometimes better address the characteristics of TNBC. Often chemotherapy is given before surgery. Some patients respond to this so well that the tumor is barely visible before surgery.

Risk and genetic predisposition

Triple-negative breast cancer is more common in women younger than 50 years of age. Hereditary factors play an important role: carriers of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have up to a one in three chance of developing TNBC. This highlights the importance of genetic screening in young breast cancer patients.  

Even within the group of triple-negative breast cancers, there are different subtypes, each responding differently to treatments. Microscopic and molecular studies can be used to identify these subgroups, allowing therapy to be tailored more and more precisely to the individual tumor. The more targeted the treatment, the better the prognosis. Intensive scientific research is underway to find more effective treatments for TNBC. Innovative techniques, such as cutting off the blood supply to tumor cells, are being investigated at the Jules Bordet Institute in Brussels, for example. Thanks to support from Estée Lauder Companies and Pink Ribbon , among others, these promising studies can continue.

In addition to medical treatment, TNBC patients also need psychosocial support. The diagnosis at a young age, the intensive treatment process and the impact on daily life require customized counseling. Pink Ribbon interviewed five women who tell their breast cancer story in a video testimonial.

Chance of relapse

TNBC is more aggressive and more likely to relapse or metastasize. Most relapses occur within three to five years of diagnosis. Those who make it through this period without a relapse have significantly better prospects thereafter. In fact, after 10 years, most patients can be considered cured.